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Résultats de la recherche

Displaying 51 - 60 of 334 results.

Total Factor Productivity Growth in Agriculture: The Role of Technological Capital

In this chapter the authors compute measures of total factor productivity (TFP) growth for developing countries and then contrast TFP growth with technological capital indexes. In developing these indexes, the authors incorporate schooling capital to yield two new indexes: Invention-Innovation Capital and Technology Mastery. They find that TFP performance is strongly related to technological capital and that technological capital is required for TFP and cost reduction growth.

Sujet(s): 
renforcement des capacités (RC)documentationrecherche
Année de publication: 
2010
Auteur: 
Dias Avila, A. F.Evenson, R. E.
Où est situé la ressource?: 
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Research and technology policies in innovation systems: Zero tillage in Brazil

The increasing complexity of technology development and adoption is rapidly changing the effectiveness of scientific and technological policies. Complex technologies are developed and disseminated by networks of agents. The impact of these networks depends on the assets they command, their learning routines, the socio-economic environment in which they operate and their history.

Sujet(s): 
renforcement des capacités (RC)vulgarisationsystèmes d'innovationinnovationpolitiques d'innovationréseaurechercherecherche participative...
Année de publication: 
2003
Auteur: 
Ekboir, J.
Où est situé la ressource?: 
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Innovation systems: analytical and methodological issues

Innovation systems can be defined in a variety of ways: they can be national, regional, sectoral, or technological. They all involve the creation, diffusion, and use of knowledge. Systems consist of components, relationships among these, and their characteristics or attributes. The focus of this paper is on the analytical and methodological issues arising from various system concepts. There are three issues that stand out as problematic. First, what is the appropriate level of analysis for the purpose at hand?

Sujet(s): 
renforcement des capacités (RC)Concepts au sujet de RCévaluation de l'impactsystèmes d'innovationinnovationprocessus multipartitesévaluation des besoinsdéveloppement ruralchaînes de valeur...
Année de publication: 
2002
Auteur: 
Carlsson, B.Jacobsson, S.Holmén, M.Rickne, A.
Où est situé la ressource?: 
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From measuring impact to learning institutional lessons: An innovation systems perspective on improving the management of international agricultural research

This paper argues that impact assessment research has not made more of a difference because the measurement of the economic impact has poor diagnostic power. In particular it fails to provide research managers with critical institutional lessons concerning ways of improving research and innovation as a process. Paper's contention is that the linear input-output assumptions of economic assessment need to be complemented by an analytical framework that recognizes systems of reflexive, learning interactions and their location in, and relationship with, their institutional context.

Sujet(s): 
renforcement des capacités (RC)évaluation de l'impactsystèmes d'innovationinnovationapprentissageapprentissage institutionnelrechercherecherche et développement (R & D)...
Année de publication: 
2003
Auteur: 
Hall, A.Sulaiman, R. V.Clark, N.Yoganand, B.
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Innovation grants to smallholder farmers: Revisiting the key assumptions in the impact pathways

Grant funds specifically targeted to smallholder farmers to facilitate innovation are a promising agricultural policy instrument. They stimulate smallholders to experiment with improved practices, and to engage with research, extension and business development services providers. However, evidence on impact and effectiveness of these grants is scarce. Partly, because attribution of changes in practices and performance to the grant alone is challenging, and the grant is often invested in innovation processes that benefitted from other support in the past.

Sujet(s): 
renforcement des capacités (RC)systèmes d'innovationinnovationdéveloppement rural
Année de publication: 
2014
Auteur: 
Ton, G.Klerkx, L.de Grip, K.Rau, M.
Où est situé la ressource?: 
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Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems : A scheme of analysis

Various researchers and policy analysts have made empirical studies of innovation systems in order to understand their current structure and trace their dynamics. However, policy makers often experience difficulties in extracting practical guidelines from studies of this kind. In this paper, we operationalize our previous work on a functional approach to analyzing innovation system dynamics into a practical scheme of analysis for policy makers. The scheme is based on previous literature and our own experience in developing and applying functional thinking.

Sujet(s): 
renforcement des capacités (RC)innovationpolitiques d'innovationapprentissagepolitiques...
Année de publication: 
2008
Auteur: 
Bergek, A.Jacobsson, S.Carlsson, B.Lindmark, S.Rickne, A.
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An innovation systems approach to institutional change: Smallholder development in West Africa

Sustainable intensification of smallholder farming is a serious option for satisfying 2050 global cereal requirements and alleviating persistent poverty. That option seems far off for Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) where technology-driven productivity growth has largely failed. The article revisits this issue from a number of angles: current approaches to enlisting SSA smallholders in agricultural development; the history of the phenomenal productivity growth in the USA, The Netherlands and Green Revolution Asia; and the current framework conditions for SSA productivity growth.

Sujet(s): 
renforcement des capacités (RC)innovationplates-formes d'innovation
Année de publication: 
2012
Auteur: 
Hounkonnou, D.Kossoum, D.Kuyperm, T.Leeuwis, C.Nederlof, E. S.Röling, N.Sakyi-dawson, O.Traoré, M.van Huis, A.
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Design process outputs as boundary objects in agricultural innovation projects: Functions and limitations

The purpose of this article is to investigate the functions of design process outputs (such as design briefs, scale models, visualizations, animations) as boundary objects in the implementation of novel agricultural production system concepts.

Sujet(s): 
renforcement des capacités (RC)Concepts au sujet de RCsystèmes d'exploitation agricolesystèmes d'innovationinnovationprocessus multipartitesrecherchechaînes de valeur...
Année de publication: 
2012
Auteur: 
Klerkx, L.van Bommel, S.Bos, B.Holster, H.Zwartkruis, J. V.Aarts, N.
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Unravelling the role of innovation platforms in supporting co-evolution of innovation: Contributions and tensions in a smallholder dairy development programme

The agricultural innovation systems approach emphasizes the collective nature of innovation and stresses that innovation is a co-evolutionary process, resulting from alignment of technical, social, institutional and organizational dimensions. These insights are increasingly informing interventions that focus on setting up multi-stakeholder initiatives, such as innovation platforms and networks, as mechanisms for enhancing agricultural innovation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.

Sujet(s): 
renforcement des capacités (RC)systèmes d'innovationinnovationplates-formes d'innovationapprentissageprocessus multipartitesréseauPetits agriculteurs...
Année de publication: 
2013
Auteur: 
Klerkx, L.Leeuwis, C.Kilelu, C.
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Establishment and embedding of innovation brokers at different innovation system levels: Insights from the Dutch agricultural sector

In the systems perspective on innovation, co-operation between several different types of actors is seen as key to successful innovation. Due to the existence of several gaps that hinder such effective co-operation, the scientific and policy literature persistently points at the need for intermediary organizations to fulfill bridging and brokerage roles. This paper aims to provide an overview of the insights from the literature on such ‘innovation brokers’, and to contribute to the literature by distilling lines of enquiry and providing insights on one of the lines identified.

Sujet(s): 
courtagerenforcement des capacités (RC)systèmes d'innovationinnovationpolitiques d'innovationprocessus multipartitesréseau...
Année de publication: 
2009
Auteur: 
Klerkx, L.Leeuwis, C.
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