This report assesses trends in investments and human resource capacity in agricultural R&D in countries in West Asia and North Africa (WANA), focusing on developments during 2009–2012. The analysis is based on information from a set of country factsheets prepared by the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) program of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), using comprehensive datasets derived from primary surveys targeting over 300 agencies in 11 countries during 2013–2014.
To ensure that Feed the Future impact evaluations are well-conceived, build on existing evidence, and fill critical evidence gaps, the Bureau for Food Security of USAID is supporting a comprehensive assessment of existing evidence and gaps in knowledge for each of six themes covered by the Feed the Future Learning Agenda. This paper summarizes available evidence that relates to key questions for the Feed the Future Learning Agenda theme on improved gender integration and women’s empowerment.
USAID’s Bureau for Food Security (BFS) commissioned this literature review to identify evidence or evidence gaps on innovation diffusion and the related field of market strategy for scaling up new technologies, particularly in the context of agriculture markets in relevant developing countries. The review is expected to inform the design of future BFS programming related to the scaling of agricultural innovations.
La literatura de los intermediarios que participan en el proceso de innovación les atribuye la capacidad de cerrar brechas y disminuir los costos de transacción entre actores exploradores y explotadores de conocimiento, siendo esta interacción vital para que exista un sistema de innovación. Sin embargo, no hay un consenso en la literatura respecto al impacto real de los intermediarios en el sistema en el que actúan.
El enfoque del des-aprendizaje, entendido como el rompimiento de la inercia del aprendizaje pasado frente al entorno, es un factor importante a la hora de comprender el esfuerzo voluntario que las firmas realizan para abandonar las capacidades que ya no son necesarias para competir en un sistema de innovación. Desde esta perspectiva, el des-aprendizaje es un fenómeno complejo que emerge junto con el aprendizaje.